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Combustible garden borders and retaining walls can provide a path for wildfire to reach a home. This study examines how landscape timbers burn under windy conditions and how flames and firebrands from those materials can threaten a nearby structure.
Sixteen field experiments compare timber types, stacked arrangements, mulch, orientation and exposure on one or both sides. Measurements and photographs show the effects of these conditions on burning and ignition downwind. The complete report preserves the experimental setup, observations, analysis and supporting references.
Erik L. Johnsson, Kathryn M. Butler, Marco G. Fernandez, Wei Tang, Shonali Nazaré, Peter Deardorff, Sebastian Arana and Alexander Maranghides (2025). Wind-Driven Fire Spread to a Structure from Landscape Timbers. National Institute of Standards and Technology, https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.TN.2307. Republished courtesy of the National Institute of Standards and Technology.