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Freshwater mussels depend on water quality and suitable stream conditions, yet several kinds of environmental stress may act together. This U.S. Geological Survey study examines those questions in Ohio’s Big Darby Creek Basin using observations and samples collected during 2020–2022.
The report combines water-quality and hydrologic investigation with the development of environmental DNA assays for selected mussels and macroinvertebrates. Its methods, results and discussion consider measured conditions, chemical analyses, aquatic-life concerns and the information that different monitoring approaches can provide. Maps, plots and data tables support the analysis. A quality-control appendix documents important aspects of the sampling and laboratory work. Published in 2025, this is the complete original research report, including its summary, references, appendix and agency photograph credits.
Carrie A. Huitger; G. F. Koltun; Erin A. Stelzer; Lauren D. Lynch. Potential Water-Quality and Hydrology Stressors on Freshwater Mussels with Development of Environmental DNA Assays for Selected Mussels and Macroinvertebrates in Big Darby Creek Basin, Ohio, 2020–22. U.S. Geological Survey, 2025. https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20255005. Public domain U.S. Government publication. Original agency, author and photograph credits retained.