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This study examines how pesticide concentrations in groundwater have changed over several decades, using human-health benchmarks as a common frame for comparing the measurements. It draws on monitoring in 25 principal aquifers across the conterminous United States.
The analysis follows 22 pesticides included in laboratory testing from 1993 to 2023 and groups observations into approximate decadal periods. The wells represent agricultural and urban settings as well as groundwater used for domestic supply. By comparing the share of wells exceeding selected benchmarks, the report examines changes in relative concentrations rather than treating every measurement as an isolated result.
Published in 2025, the complete report explains the data sources, benchmark approach, methods, findings, and limitations. Its original tables, graphs, photographs, and references remain intact, giving readers interested in water quality and environmental monitoring a documented view of long-term changes.
Sarah M. Stackpoole; Bruce D. Lindsey; Cee S. Nell. Multidecadal Change in Pesticide Concentrations Relative to Human Health Benchmarks in the Nation’s Groundwater. U.S. Geological Survey, 2025. https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20255081. Public domain U.S. Government publication. Original agency, author and photograph credits retained.