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Jani Hakkarainen and Markku Keinänen introduce formal ontology as the branch of metaphysics concerned with categories of being and the forms through which those categories are analyzed. Their account asks what makes a system of categories clear, exact and intelligible, and how competing systems can be compared.
The book develops this approach through examples of category systems and a critical discussion of existing accounts of ontological form. Rather than treating form as a merely decorative feature of a philosophical theory, it examines the relations that organize different kinds of entity and the roles those relations play in explanation.
The authors propose a character-neutral relational account as a framework for this analysis. The study brings an introductory orientation together with a sustained theoretical argument, making it useful to readers interested in metaphysics, the structure of ontological theories and the methods philosophers use to articulate the most general features of reality.
Jani Hakkarainen and Markku Keinänen. Formal Ontology. Cambridge University Press, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009070126. Licensed CC BY-NC 4.0; the unchanged original edition and its required notices are retained.