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How does noise associated with oil and gas development affect birds? This science synthesis brings together research on raptors and songbirds to help public-land managers understand the pathways from industrial sound to changes in bird behavior, habitat use and reproductive outcomes.
The authors distinguish types of sound and development activities, assess the available evidence and identify uncertainties that matter when applying findings to a particular place. The discussion connects acoustic exposure with ecological responses rather than treating all species or settings as interchangeable. The complete USGS report includes its evidence tables, diagrams, references and original image credits.
Maxwell and coauthors (2024), USGS Scientific Investigations Report 2024–5087. https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20245087. Original credits retained: cover photographs by Jay Cable, Benjamin Cossel, Jessi Brunson, BLM Wyoming, BLM New Mexico and Tom Koerner (CC BY 2.0), Tait Rutherford (USGS), and Seth Topham (BLM, public domain). Diagram artwork credits and CC BY-SA 4.0 terms appear with the original figures. No changes to the report or its images; catalog cover resized from the original.