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Mine waste and long-term mine-water sources can contain materials of interest to both environmental research and critical-mineral assessment. This report establishes consistent field protocols for sampling those materials within the USGS Earth Mapping Resources Initiative.
The protocols describe the collection and processing of composite samples from tailings, waste rock, gangue, heap-leach piles, ore stockpiles, slag, and related materials. They also cover the collection and preservation of water samples from persistent mine-water sources. Supporting sections explain field documentation, geospatial information, analytical methods, and the pathway for delivering the resulting data.
First published in 2025, this complete professional report preserves the original procedures, figures, references, and credits. It provides a practical account of how standardised sampling can make observations from different sites more comparable while retaining the information needed to interpret each sample in context.
Kate M. Campbell; Robert R. Seal; Nadine M. Piatak; Jaime S. Azain; Jean M. Morrison; Sarah Jane White; Andrew H. Manning; Katherine Walton-Day; JoAnn M. Holloway; Bronwen Wang. Earth Mapping Resources Initiative Protocols—Sampling Hard-Rock Mine Waste and Perpetual Mine Water Sources. U.S. Geological Survey, 2025. https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20255068. Public domain U.S. Government publication. Original agency, author and photograph credits retained.