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Firebrands can start new fires when hot particles transfer enough heat to nearby fuel. Jiann C. Yang and Savannah S. Wessies develop a simplified mathematical theory for distinguishing conditions that lead to ignition from those that do not.
The analysis applies Semenov thermal theory and identifies two dimensionless parameters for an ignition regime map. Numerical solutions of an energy balance examine temperature changes, thermal runaway and ignition time. The complete technical note preserves the derivation, results, plots and references.
Jiann C. Yang and Savannah S. Wessies (2024). A Simple Theory on Fuel Ignition by Firebrands. National Institute of Standards and Technology. https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.TN.2300. Republished courtesy of the National Institute of Standards and Technology.